Furnace for boilers



PATENTED SEPT. 20, 1904. C. SGHWBIZBR.

FURNACE FOR BOILERS.

APPLICATION II LED AUG. 19. 1901 NO MODEL.

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No. 770,393. PATENTED SEPT. 20', 1904.

. c. SGHWBIZER.

FURNACE FOR BOILERS.

. APPLIOATION TILED AUG. 19. 1901.

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UNITED STATES Patented September 20, 1904,

PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES SCHWEIZER, OF MAPLEWOOD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICAN HEATING COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A

CORPORATION OF MAINE.

FURNACE FOR BOILERS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 770,393, dated September 20, 1904.

Application filed August 19, 1901. Serial No. 72,545- (No model.)

citizen of the United States, residing at Maplewood, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces for Boilers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention consists in a furnace which will effect complete combustion, economizing fuel, intensify the heat and employit to its full extent, distributing it evenly over the the boiler, and in which the heat may instantly bedirected from the b0ilers,'thus obviating the necessity of drawing or banking the fires or stopping combustion.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts, Figure 1 is a view in front elevation, showing the general arrangement of the furnace with relation to the boiler, the draftopenings, &c. Fig. 2 is a view of the front of the furnace with the front plate removed to exhibit the interior, showing the hollow grate-bars with draft-openin gs between them, the steam and oil feed, the steam-pipe running underneath the grates from a circular or bustle pipe at one end of the boiler to a circular or bustle pipe at the other end, leading to the oil-pipe and thence to the nozzles, and separate grates and the fines under them leading therefrom to compartments on the opposite side of and around the boiler, and controllable exits from the compartments to a common outtake. Fig. 3 is a view in elevation of the rear of the furnace with the wall removed to exhibit the interior, the furnace being turned around to display the back, showing the steam and oil feed, the flues from the different grates beneath the boiler leading to each compartment, communication from the compartments to the flues of the boiler, and exits to a common outtake. Fig.

4 is a View in plan with the top of the furnace removed, showing the arrangement of the furnace with relation to the boiler, the gratebars in place with draft-spaces between them, the steam and oil feed pipes, the communication between the compartments leading to the flues of the boiler, and exits from each grate to a common outtake; and Fig. 5 is a view in vertical cross-section, taken on the line rm of Fig. 2, showing the perforated hollow grate-bar, a compartment and communication from this compartment to the next, controllable exit to the common outtake, a steam bustle-pipe leading to the pipe passing under the grates, and the steam and oil feed to a nozzle.

Referring to the drawings, A indicates a boiler of any suitable kind accessible from below and set horizontally or otherwise and having the usual lines a, which communicate with a chimney 64 The boiler is set into and held by supports B, which with the casing and walls of the furnace form separate compartments B The boiler is set into the supports in such manner that its fines are open from a compartment at one end and are closed to the compartment at the other end. At the rear or elsewhere to give complete circulation of the products of combustion around the boiler the compartments B communicate from the direction of the closed end of the boiler toward the fiues by openings b,through the supports or by a pipe 5 passing through these openings, the pipe communicating by openings Z2 with each compartment that is to say, discharging from the compartments successively from the closed end of the boiler into the compartment containing the open flue end. A partition I), suitably arranged across the compartments B constitutes the rear wall of the combustion-chambers 6 The combustionchambers are provided with doors 6, through which fuel may be fed either mechanically or manually, and with suitably-supported grates C. Below the grates the combustion-chambers communicate with the lower portions of the compartments B which extend beneath the boiler and are provided with deflectors 6 arranged to direct the heat against the under surface of the boiler. The lower portions of the compartments are provided with removable plates 6 for permitting ready access thereto. A tilting door 6 separates the combustion-chamber from the ash-pit, thereby permitting access to the ash-pit without admission of cold air to the boiler. The grate C is composed of hollow open-ended laterally-perforated grate-bars 0, having lateral offsets at their end, whereby when set into a suitable frame or casing central vertical draft-spaces will be left between them, which by the perforations communicate with the hollow interiors and openings of the gratebars, the chambers of the grate-bars having their front ends arranged to permit the entrance of air admitted through an opening in the outer inclosing wall of the casing, controlled by a slide-damper, as will presently be described. The hollow open-ended gratebars are shownin Fig. 2. The setting of them to leave through-spaces appears in Fig. i and the perforations appear in Fig. 5.

The furnace is intended chiefly for clowndraft, and each combustion-chamber is supplied with an indraft register 0 a register 0 opposite the front of the hollow grate-bars c, a door 0 into the chamber for supplying solid fuel or for entrance to the chamber for other purposes, as for access to a liquid-fuel pipe presently to be described, an entrance 0 for draft, should updraft be desired, or for other purposes, and an ash-pit door 0, there being, if desired, any suitable device 0 for shaking or rocking or tilting the grates.

The furnace is adapted for use with either solid or liquid fuel, or with both simultaneously. When solid fuel is employed, the fire having been started on the grates, the registers c are opened and the grate-bars becoming highly heated the registers 0 are opened more or less, thereby admitting additional air in the form of fine streams or jets to the products of combustion passing down through the draft-spaces of the highly-heated gratebars, and thus obtaining complete combustion and the fullcalorific power of the fuel. From the grate-bars the products of, combustion pass down, under, and around the boiler in all the compartments but the last one, into which all the other compartments discharge by the opening or pipe in the supports suitably arranged, from this last compartment the hot products of combustion passing into thefiues of the boiler and thence to the chimney. To afford escape-passage for excess of smoke in the combustion-chamber while firing,

but especially quickly to cool the boiler to lower the steam-pressure without having to draw or bank the fires or stop combustion or for other purposes, the products of combustion may beconveyed directly from each combustion-chamber without coming in contact with the boiler at all. To this end a valve-controlled exit-pipe 6* opens from the top of each com bustion-chamber into a common outtake 0, opening into the chimney. When liquid fuel alone is used, it is well to cover the grates with broken brick or other refractory material. Liquid fuel is supplied by a bustle-pipe D, taking steam from the boiler and communicating with a bustle-pipe D at the opposite end thereof by a pipe d, which runs underneath and close to the grate-bars in the track of the hot products of combustion in the zone of intense heat, the pipe D having at its end an injector d drawing oil through a pipe d and projecting itinto a pipe d through which oil is supplied from rose-nozzles d to the grates. Where liquid fuel is used in conjunction With solid fuel, a covering of refractory material over the grates is unnecessary, since complete vaporization of the liquid fuel is assured during its downward passage through the bed of incandescent solid fuel on the grates. It will be understood that when solid fuel alone is employed oil may be cut off from the spray-pipe, which is protected from injurious overheating by the cooling action of the entering draft, while the steampipe acts merely as an additional heating-surface.

I have thus produced a boiler-furnace in which either solid or liquid fuel may be employed and in which by employing both conjointly the boiler-power can be quickly regulated with certainty, This construction is especially advantageous in locations where the required steam-supply varies greatly, and it gives satisfactory results even in electriclighting plants, where the load diagrams show the usual immense and sudden peaks.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a furnace, a boiler, a combustionchamber, a passage leading therefrom laterally beneath the boiler and thence to flue-openings at one end of the boiler, a passage leading from the flue-openings at the opposite end of the boiler to the chimney, and by-pass fiues leading from said combustion-chamber to the chimney, substantially as described.

2. In a furnace, a boiler, a combustionchamber divided into separate compartments, passages leading therefrom laterally beneath the boiler, the lateral passage-at one end being arranged in communication with one end of the boiler-fines, a common passage connecting the several passages to said end passage, a connection between the other end of the boilerflues and a stack, and by-pass flues leading from said combustion-chambers directly to the stack, substantially as described.

3. In a furnace, a boiler, a combustionchamber divided into separate compartments, grates suitably supported in said compartments, passagesleading from below the grates laterally beneath the boiler, a passage leading from said lateral passages to the fiue-openings 3 at one end of the boiler, a passage leading from the flue-openings at the opposite end of the boiler to the chimney, means for creating a downdraft, a by-pass flueleading from said combustion-chamber to the chimney, and means for causing an updraft in said combustion-chamber, substantially as described.

4. In a furnace, a boiler, a combustionchamber, passages leading therefrom laterally beneath the boiler, and provided with means whereby the heated products of combustion are deflected against the bottom of the boiler,

a passage leading from the lateral passages to the flue-openings at one end of the boiler, a passage at the opposite end of the boiler leading from the flue-openings to the chimney, a by-pass flue leading from said combustionchamber to the chimney, and means for causing an up or adown draft in said combustionchamber, substantially as described.

5. In a furnace, a boiler, a combustionchamber, passages leading therefrom laterally beneath the boiler, and provided with deflecting-plates, whereby the heated products of combustion are thrown upward against the bottom of the boiler, a passage leading from the lateral passages to the flue-openings at one end of the boiler, a passage at the opposite end of the boiler leading from the flue-openingto the chimney, a by-pass flue leading from said combustion-chamber directly to the chimney, and means for controlling the passage of the products of combustion through said by-pass flue, substantially as described.

6. In a furnace, a boiler, a combustionchamber divided into separate compartments, grates suitably supported in said compartments, separate passages leading from below the grates laterally beneath the boiler, a passage communicating with and leading from each of said lateral'passages to the flue-openings at one end of the boiler, a passage leading from the flue-openings at the opposite end of the boiler to the chimney, means for creating a downdraft, a by-pass flue leading from said combustion-chamber directly to the chimney, and means for controlling the passage of the products of combustion through said bypass flue, substantially as described.

7 In a furnace, a boiler, separate combus-- tion-chambers provided with grates, passages leading from below said grates laterally beneath the boiler, a passage communicating with the lateral passages and leading to the flue-openings at one end of the boiler, a passage leading from the flue-openings at the opposite end of the boiler to the chimney, a'sec-' 0nd passage communicating with the chimney, flues leading from above the grates to said second passage, and means for creating an up and down draft at will, substantially as described.

neath the boiler, and provided with deflectingplates serving to throw the products of combustion upward against the boiler, a passage communicating with the lateral passages and leading to the flue-openings at one end of the boiler, a passage leading from the flue-openings at the opposite end of the boiler to the chimney, a second passage communicating with the chimney, flues leading from above the grates to said second passage, and means for creating at will an up andadown draft, substantially as described.

9. In a furnace, a boiler, a combustionchamber, a grate suitably supported therein, an ash-pit located below the combustion-chamber, a tilting door arranged between said combustion-chamber and ash-pit, whereby ashes falling thereon may be deposited in the ash-pit and removed without subjecting the boiler to the, influence of cold air, passages leading from the grate laterally beneath the boiler and thence to the flue-openings at one end of the boiler, and a passage-way leading from the flueopenings at the opposite end of the boiler to the chimney, substantially as described.

10. In a furnace, a boiler, a combustionchamber divided into separate compartments, grates suitably supported in said compartments, ash-pits located below the several compartments, tilting doors arranged to partition said ash pits from the compartments, whereby the ashes may be removed from the line of draft, separate passages leading from below the grates laterally beneath the boiler, and

provided with deflecting-plates, whereby the heated products of combustion are thrown against the boiler, a common passage communicating with and leading from said lateral passage-ways to the flue-openings at one end of the boiler, a passage leading from the flueopening at the opposite end of the boiler to the chimney, a second passage communicating with the chimney, flues leading from above the grates to said second passage, and means whereby at will a down or an up draft may be created, substantially as described.

11. In a boiler-furnace, a boiler, a combustion-chamber, walls or partitions dividing said combustion-chamber longitudinally into compartments, and extending laterally beneath the boiler, forming passages communicating with said compartments, the lateral passage at one end being arranged in communication with one end of the boiler-fines, and means forming'passages in communication with said combustion -'compartments, means forming communicatlon between each of said passages and the passage at one end of the boiler, 1nto IIO which the flues of the boiler lead, by-pass escape-fines in communication with each of said combustion-compartments, and means for controlling the passage of the gases of combustion from said combustion-compartments through said escape-fines, substantially as described.

13. In a steam-boiler furnace, the combination with a boiler, of a combustion-chamber, a grate suitably supported therein, a passage extending from below the grate laterally beneath the boiler and arranged in communication with a stack, a pipe supported above the grate and provided with nozzles, said pipe being arranged for communication with an oil-supply, a steam-pipe supported below the grate in the path of the hot products of cornbustion, and an injector connecting said steam and oil pipes, whereby oil may be sprayed upon the grate, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. CHARLES SCHWEIZER. Witnesses:

ALEXANDER B. WILsoN, CALVIN S. CARTER. 

